For Research Use Only | Not for Human or Veterinary Use

Description

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a naturally occurring cellular coenzyme involved in oxidation-reduction reactions and a range of NAD-dependent biochemical processes. The NAD+/NADH redox pair is an important part of cellular metabolism and redox regulation.

This research material is supplied as a lyophilized powder for laboratory research, analytical testing, and related scientific applications.

PubChem identifies beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with the molecular formula C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ and molecular weight of approximately 663.4 g/mol. NAD+ can also occur as different salt or protonation forms, so the batch COA should be used when documenting the exact material supplied.

Research & Scientific Context

NAD+ functions as an electron carrier in oxidation-reduction reactions, cycling between oxidized NAD+ and reduced NADH forms. This redox pair participates in pathways associated with glycolysis, fatty-acid oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

NAD+ also serves as a substrate or cofactor for several enzyme systems. Research has examined NAD-dependent enzymes including sirtuins, CD38, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, connecting NAD metabolism with processes such as DNA repair, chromatin regulation, and cellular signaling.

Key Research Areas

NAD+/NADH redox biology

Cellular energy metabolism

NAD biosynthesis and salvage pathways

NAD-dependent enzyme activity

DNA repair and cellular signaling

Compartmentalized NAD metabolism

NAD+ and NADH

NAD+ and NADH are the oxidized and reduced forms of the same nucleotide coenzyme system. Their interconversion allows NAD to participate in electron-transfer reactions throughout cellular metabolism.

Characteristic	NAD+	NADH
Redox state	Oxidized	Reduced
Primary research role	Electron acceptor in redox reactions	Electron donor in redox reactions
Relationship	Oxidized form	Reduced form
Research relevance	Redox signaling and metabolic pathways	Electron transfer and oxidative metabolism

NAD+ Metabolism

Cells maintain NAD+ through several interconnected pathways, including de novo synthesis and salvage pathways. Nicotinamide is an important precursor in the NAD salvage pathway, while NAD+ can also be converted into NADH during metabolic reactions.

NAD metabolism is also compartmentalized within cells, and research continues to examine how different cellular NAD pools are maintained and regulated.

Analytical Documentation

A Certificate of Analysis (COA) is included in the product image gallery. Researchers should review the batch-specific documentation to verify the reported purity and other available analytical characteristics.

The COA should also be used to confirm the exact chemical form of the material, particularly where salt or protonation state can affect reported molecular specifications.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is NAD+?

NAD+ stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is a naturally occurring cellular coenzyme that participates in redox reactions and other NAD-dependent biochemical processes.

2. Is NAD+ a peptide?

No. NAD+ is a dinucleotide coenzyme composed of two nucleotide units linked through phosphate groups. It is chemically distinct from peptides and proteins.

3. What is the difference between NAD+ and NADH?

NAD+ is the oxidized form, while NADH is the reduced form. The two forms cycle between each other during electron-transfer reactions involved in cellular metabolism.

4. What enzymes use NAD+?

NAD+ participates in reactions involving numerous enzymes, including dehydrogenases and NAD-dependent enzymes such as sirtuins, CD38, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases.

5. How is NAD+ produced in cells?

Cells can produce NAD+ through de novo pathways and precursor-based salvage pathways. Nicotinamide is an important substrate in the salvage pathway.

6. What should researchers check on the NAD+ COA?

Researchers should review the batch-specific COA for identity, reported purity, analytical results, and the chemical form of the supplied material before using it in laboratory or analytical work.

Research Materials & Documentation

NAD+ Spray is supplied as a 500 mg lyophilized research material with ≥99% HPLC-certified purity. A Certificate of Analysis is included in the product image gallery for laboratory review.

For Research Use Only | Not for Human or Veterinary Use.