For Research Use Only | Not for Human or Veterinary Use

Description

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a cellular coenzyme involved in oxidation-reduction reactions and metabolic processes. In its oxidized form, NAD+ participates in the NAD+/NADH redox system and also serves as a substrate or co-substrate for enzyme families including sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs).

This research material is supplied as a lyophilized powder with a stated purity of ≥99% by HPLC. A Certificate of Analysis (COA) is included with the product for analytical reference.

Research & Scientific Context

NAD+ is present in cells in an oxidized form (NAD+) and a reduced form (NADH). The NAD+/NADH pair functions as a redox system involved in pathways such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and fatty-acid oxidation.

Beyond its role in redox chemistry, NAD+ is consumed by several enzyme families. Research has characterized NAD+ as a substrate or co-substrate for sirtuins and PARP enzymes, connecting NAD+ metabolism with cellular signaling and protein modification processes.

Research into NAD+ biology also examines how cellular NAD+ pools are maintained through synthesis, recycling, compartmentalization, and enzymatic consumption. These processes vary between cellular compartments and experimental systems.

Analytical Documentation

The supplied product specification lists a purity of ≥99% by HPLC. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an analytical technique used to separate and characterize components within a sample.

A Certificate of Analysis is included in the product image gallery. Researchers can review the applicable documentation for the analytical information associated with the supplied material.

Material Information

NAD+ is supplied as a white to off-white lyophilized powder. Lyophilization is a controlled drying process commonly used to prepare laboratory research materials in a dry form.

The supplied specifications identify laboratory-grade sterile water as a compatible solvent. Researchers should refer to the applicable product documentation for material-specific handling and storage information.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What does NAD+ stand for?

NAD+ stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its oxidized form. It is a naturally occurring cellular coenzyme involved in redox chemistry and other enzyme-dependent processes.

2. What is the difference between NAD+ and NADH?

NAD+ is the oxidized form of the NAD redox pair, while NADH is its reduced form. Cells continuously interconvert these forms during metabolic reactions involving electron transfer.

3. What enzymes use NAD+ as a substrate?

NAD+ is used as a substrate or co-substrate by several enzyme families, including sirtuins and PARPs. These enzymes consume NAD+ while carrying out their respective cellular reactions.

4. How is NAD+ maintained within cells?

Cellular NAD+ levels are regulated through a balance of biosynthesis, recycling, and enzymatic consumption. Mammalian cells use multiple pathways to produce and replenish NAD+.

5. Where is NAD+ found within cells?

NAD+ is distributed across several cellular compartments, including the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nucleus. The concentration and regulation of NAD+ can differ between these compartments.

6. Why is NAD+ studied in metabolic research?

NAD+ is studied because its redox chemistry and enzyme-dependent functions are closely connected with cellular metabolic pathways. Research examines how NAD+ availability and NAD+/NADH balance relate to these processes.

Research Materials & Documentation

Review the NAD+ scientific specifications and applicable Certificate of Analysis when evaluating this material for laboratory research.